Compound steam-engine.



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COMPOUND STEAM ENGINE.

Application filerl June 4, 1898.

.2 Sheets-:Sheet No Model.)

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No. 641,103. Patented Jan. 9, I900.

' J. HARDILL.

. COMPOUND STEAM ENGINE.

(Application filed June 4, 1898A (No Model.) 2 Sheets$heet 2.

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JOSEPH HARDILL, OF STRATFORD, CANADA.

CDMPOUND STEAM- ENGINE $PEOIFIOATION' forming part of Letters Patent No. 641,103, dated January 9, 1900. Application filed June 4, 1898. Serial No, 682,520. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH HARDILL, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Stratford, in the county of Perth, in the Province of Ontario, Dominion of Canada, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Compound Engines, of which the following is a specification.

Myinvention relates especially to compound engines wherein the high-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder are connected end to end and adapted to conduct the exhaust-steam directly from the high-pressure cylinder through short connecting-passages, suitable valves being adapted to admit the steam to and exhaust the steam from the said cylinders.

The objects of my invention are primarily to provide a double cylinder for compound engines with simple, direct, and effective means for conducting the steam from the valve-chest to the oppositely-disposed cylinders, to provide improved means for admitting steam either to one end or to both ends of the said cylinders, to provide improved means for allowing both the high and'the low pressure cylinders to be worked with steam upon either one or both sides of the piston under either a full or a reduced head of steam, to provide a double compound-engine cylinder with an intermediate chamber connected with the exhaust-port of the high-pressure cylinder and the induction-port of the low-pressure cylinder from which the low-pressure cylinder may receive the steam, to provide an intermediate chamber between the high-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder wherein a piston-packing and means for adjusting the same are fitted and also provided with a cover to completely close said chamber or afford admission thereto, and to provide the double cylinder of a compound engine with an intermediate bulkhead having a valve-seat, steam and exhaust ports upon one side communieating directly with the adjacent ends of said cylinder, and having a valve-seat and channels leading therefrom to the opposite ends of said cylinders, the said valve-seats being fitted with oppositely-moving valves, as will hereinafter appear.

My invention also consists in certain constructions, combinations, and arrangements of parts to provide a simple, strong, inexpen sive, and effective compound-engine cylinder-section which may be connected with like parts in a suitable manner to adapt the engine to be used either with a single, double,

triple, or quadruple expansion and for either stationary, portable, locomotive, or marine engine purposes and all kind of air-compressors.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of a pair of double cylinders coupled together to exhaust from one cylinder into another, the said cylinders being of constantly-increasing diameters; Fig. 2, a longitudinal sectional view of high and low pressure cylinders of a double-act ing compound steam-engine, showinga steam= chest on each side and slide-valves therein in their relative positions to pistons when in operation,the arrows indicating the course taken by the steam; and Fig. 3, an end view of the cylinders and steam-chests ofan en gine,showing pipe connections so arranged that either of the steam-chests can be shutoff, changing the engine from double-acting to single-acting, according to the power required.

The fundamental feature of myinvention is the double cylinders 1 and 2, of unequal diameters, placed end to end and having an intermediate bulkhead 3, which may be made separate or cast integral with the cylinder, containing ports through which the steam is admitted to and exhausted from the cylinders" and valve-seats l and 5 upon opposite sides of the cylinders, upon which valves 6 and 7 slide, respectively, within steam-chests S and 9 and are connected, by valve-stems 10 and 11, with eccentrics upon the main crankshaft to move the valves in opposite directions, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings. The ports are preferably arranged as shown in Fig. 2, a short port 13 connecting the inner end of the expansive cylinder 2 with the valve-seat 4, and a longer port ll: connecting the inner end of the high-pressure cylinder 1 with the said valve-seat 4, and an exhaust-port 15, arranged upon one side of the valve-seat nearest the low-pressure cylinder 2, adapted to connect with the port 13 only of the said cylinder 2 beneath the cup 6 of the slide-valve 6 to receive the exhaust from the near end of the low-pressure cylinder at the commencement of the forward stroke, while the near end of the high-pressure cylinder 1 is exhausted through the long port 14 and through a semicircular steamchannel 6 in the slide-valve 6 when the latter is at the end of its forward stroke and the said steam-channel 6 is at the back end of the valve located opposite the short port 13, thus conducting the exhaust-steam from the inner end of the high-pressure cylinder to the inner end of the low-pressure cylinder and then through ports 13 and 15, as described above at the commencement of the forward stroke.

The valve-seat 5 upon the opposite side of the cylinder has ports 16 and 17 and an intermediate exhaust-port 18, which is connected by steam-channel 17 with the outer ends of the cylinder 2, the slide-valve 7 having a cup '7 and a semicircular steam-channel 7 the cup 7 serving to connect the port 17 and exhaust-port 18 to receive steam from the outer end of the low-pressure cylinder, and the channel 7 in the said valve serving to conduct the exhaust-steam from the port 16, leading from the outer end of the highpressure cylinder 1 to the port 17, leading to the outer end of the low-pressure cylinder, as shown in Fig. 2, steam being admitted to the outer end of the high-pressure cylinder from the steam-chest 9 when the valve 7 is at the end of the back stroke, the cup 7 of the said valve at the same time admitting steam from the port 17 to the exhaust-port 18, and thus exhausting the steam from the outer side of the low-pressure cylinder and admitting live steam to the outer side of the highpressure cylinder by means of the valves and ports located upon the side of the cylinderbulkhead, thus exhausting the steam from both sides of the low-pressure cylinder and admitting live steam to both sides of the high-pressure cylinder alternately by means of the valves and ports located upon opposite sides of the cylinder-bulkhead. It will be observed that steam will be admitted to act upon the inner ends only of the cylinders when the steam is admitted to the steamchest 8 through valve 6 and will be admitted to act upon the outer ends only of the cylinders when admitted to steam-chest 9 through valve 7, the engine being thus adapted to act as a single-expansion compound engine, and when steam is admitted to both of the steamchests the engine will operate as a doubleexpansion compound engine.

Exhaust-pipes 19 and 20 lead, respectively, from exhaust-ports 15 and 18 of the cylinders 1 and 2 to the steam-chests 21 and 22 of the second set of cylinders 23 and 24, which are used when the engine is adapted to operate by triple or quadruple expansion, as will be readily seen by reference to diagrammatic View, Fig. 1,the slide-valves of the cylinders 23 and 24 being operated by stems having elbows 25 and 26, which are connected to the valvestems 10 and 11 of the first engine, the ports and'pistons of the second cylinders 23 and 24 serving to receive and exhaust the steam to correspond in every way with that described for the first engine.

The bulkhead 3 has a central chamber 3, fitted with a steam-tight cover 3 secured thereon by bolts 3, which serves as a steamreceiver when a triple-expansion cylinder is connected to the cylinder shown in Fig. 2

steam thus contained within and carried back and forth within the chambered and chan neled bulkhead will serve to super-heat the exhaust-steam and prevent liquefication and loss of power by the unequal temperatures of the steam within the two cylinters.

The chamber 3 in the bulkhead also provides an inclosed space accessible through the covered aperture therein for receiving and adjusting the stuffingboxes 25* and packing 24: and 25 fitted upon the pistonrod 28*, which connects the piston 27 of the high-pressure cylinder to the piston 28 of the low-pressure cylinder. The means heretofore employed for packing the rod connecting the said pistons being difficult of access, a single packing only has been employed.

The steam passing through the semicircular channel in the slide-valves also'superheats the steam passing from the high-pressure to the low-pressure cylinder, and thus prevents liquefication of the steam in passing from the end of one cylinder to the end of the other cylinder.

The simple construction and few parts employed insure economy of construction, and the chambered bulkhead, channeled valve, and short distance traveled by the steam from the high to the low pressure cylinder insure economy of fuel in running the engine compared with other engines.

The double-cylinder sections here claimed may be arranged parallel with the other instead of tandem, as shown, or may be otherwise arranged or connected without departing from the invention herein claimed.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. In acompoundengine,acylinder-section comprising a high-pressure and a low-pressure cylinder placed in axial line one with the other, an intermediate bulkhead connecting said cylinders having valve-seats located upon opposite sides thereof,one of said valveseats having ports therein communicating with the inner ends of said cylinders and the other of said valve-seats having ports therein communicating with the outer ends of said cylinders, and slide-valves for controlling the port-openings located outside of the valve seats, substantially as described.

2. In a compound engine, the combination with a high-pressure cylinder, of a low-pressure cylinder at one end thereof, an intermediate bulkhead having ports and valve-seats at oppositesides of the cylinders and upon the outer sides of the bulkheads and two slide-valves each having two steam-passages one located outside of the other, and set to admit steam to the outer ends of both the high-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder, and also to conduct steam therefrom to the inner ends of both of said cylinders, substantially as described.

3. A combined double and single acting compound engine, comprising a high-pressure and a low-pressure cylinder placed end for end of each other, an intermediate bulkhead having steam-chests and valve-seats located upon the outer opposite sides thereof connecting respectively the inner ends of said cylinders upon one side thereof, and the outer ends of said cylinders upon the other side thereof, and steam-pipes each having separate valves and leading to said steamchests, substantially as described.

4. In a double-acting compound engine, the combination with a high-pressure and a low-pressure cylinder, of an intermediate bulkhead connecting said cylinders, having steam-chests and parallel valve-seats located upon the outer opposite sides of the bulkhead, Valves adapted to reciprocate upon the outer faces of said valve-seats, and steamchests secured to the outer sides of the bulkheads, substantially as described.

5. In a compound steam-engine, the combination of two cylinder-sections each comprising a high-pressu re and a low-pressure cylinder, and an intermediate bulkhead between the cylinders of each section having steam and exhaust ports therein, valves and steamchests secured upon the outer sides of the bulkheads, a separate valve-controlled steampipe leading to each of the steam-chests of the first cylinder-section, and pipes connecting the exhaust with the steam-chest upon the same side of said cylinder-sections, substantially as described.

6. In a double-acting compound engine the combination with the two cylinders of an intermediate double-walled bulkhead having a central chamber and an opening upon one of the outer sides thereof, a removable cover adapted to said opening a piston-rod passing through the walls of said bulkhead, pistons secured thereto and two oppositely-disposed stuffing-boxes fitted within the chamber of the bulkhead and accessible for adjustment by means of said covered opening substantially as described.

7. In a double-acting compound engine the double cylinder having an intermediate bulkhead, valve-seats located upon opposite sides of the cylinder upon said bulkhead, ports connecting the inner ends of the two cylinders with the valve-seat upon one side of the cylinder-ports, and steam ports and channels connecting the outer ends of the said cylinders with the valve-seat upon the opposite side of the cylinders and slide-valves having two steam-passages formed one outside the other therein bridging the face of the va1ve= seats to operate in connection with said cylinder-ports and steam-passages substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH HARDILL.

Witnesses;

SAMUEL B. GRAY, R. J. HARDING. 

